OptionMath.com offers two option calculators. The first, the basic calculator, takes your input values, including volatility, and generates a theoretical value of both put and call options.
Option Price Calculator
The volatility input to any option pricing model is the critical input. All the other inputs — current underlying stock price, strike price of the option, time to expiration, dividends, and risk-free rate of return — are either knowable or observable. But volatility is anyone's guess. Just because XYZ stock has a historical volatility of 20% doesn't mean it's going to display volatility of 20% for the term of the option you're considering.
Implied Volatility Calculator
Volatility may not be knowable, but options trade nonetheless. That means we can take the knowable and observable inputs, as well as the observable price at which the option is currently trading, and “reverse engineer” the volatility that is assumed by that option price. This implied volatility is the market's best guess for the volatility the underlying stock will exhibit during the term of the option.
How the workbook is organised
The calculators are in the form of an Excel spreadsheet so that you can “take them with you.” They use the Black-Scholes model, which is technically intended for options that can only be exercised at expiration, while most options can actually be exercised at any time. Early exercise is rare — because other than when a dividend is looming, it's a mistake. The difference in values generated for the two types of options is very small, certainly too small to worry about in our usage.
- Notes on usage. The first page includes notes on how to use the workbook.
- Option Price Calculator. Generates a theoretical option value given all the inputs required, including volatility for the term of the option. Enter the inputs in the dark blue cells; option values and greeks are generated in the light blue cells below.
- Implied Volatility Calculator. Returns the volatility implied by the observed option price. Since option prices can be stale if they haven't traded in a few minutes, it's best to use a closing price, or the average of the bid and ask price for an intraday calculation. Be sure to select the option type —
cfor call,pfor put.
If you'd like to evaluate a hypothetical option, feel free to make changes to the date fields. For example, if you'd like to see how the greeks change as time to expiration goes from 30 days to expiration, change the expiration date to today's date plus the number of days to expiration.
When calculating the theoretical price, greeks, or implied volatilities for a spread, simply calculate the information for each leg and then calculate the net for the spread. This will help you recognise how a spread or combination interacts.
Feel free to email us at Information@Nations.com if you have questions about the books, the calculators, or options in general.